So what are the benefits of stretching?
Let me first ask: Do you stretch as part of a warm-up? To prevent injury? To help recovery? To relax (or as part of an exercise program – ie Yoga)? Or to try and gain flexibility?
It turns out, especially with regards to preventing injury and improving performance, that static stretching before activity is probably of no benefit. In fact there is some research to suggest that it may even be detrimental to certain athletic endeavors (the obvious exception to this is sports that directly benefit from holding static positions in extreme range of motion such as gymnastics). However the real kicker here is the type of stretching that you do – more dynamic stretching seems to be a lot better pre-activity than static. As time goes on, and more research in this area comes out I suspect we will find that specific dynamic stretches improve performance, and static stretching impairs it. I hope that saying “stretching” before activity is a good or bad thing will become a bit like saying “eating” before activity is a good or bad thing – it really depends on the type of stretching/food that you are talking about.
With respect to injury prevention there may well be an ‘optimal’ degree of flexibility, and if you are very flexible already then more stretching may make you more susceptible to injury! There is only minute evidence to suggest that pre-activity static stretching helps performance, and even the supporting evidence shows very small benefits. It currently appears that if you are interested in preventing injury then the type of static stretching you do before the activity is probably as relevant as the colour of your underwear.
When it comes to gaining flexibility though the story is a little different: As mentioned in a previous article, flexibility is very trainable. That is the more you do the more flexible you become. If you want to increase your flexibility PNF stretching is the more effective than static stretching, although not all research supports this claim.
Like exercise in general, the best type of stretching to do is the type that you enjoy – as you are most likely do this in the long term, and therefore experience gains in. If your aim is to increase flexibility then you could not go past a few sessions a week of PNF stretching with a friend/personal trainer or a yoga class, however if the thought of these repulse you then 30mins of static stretching in front of the tv will do the trick for you.